Colonial Commodities

Prof. Dr. Christine Hanke (Media Studies, University of Bayreuth), christine.hanke[at]uni-bayreuth.de

Prof. Dr. Ulrike Bergermann (Media Studies, Braunschweig University of Art (HBK)), u.bergermann[at]hbk-bs.de

Prof. Dr. David Simo (DAW – Center for German-African Scientific Cooperation, University of Yaoundé I), simobiegain20[at]yahoo.fr

Prof. Dr. Jean Bertrand Miguoué (German Literature, University of Yaoundé I), jb_miguoue[at]yahoo.fr

Prof. Dr. Martin Elouga (Archeology, University of Yaoundé I) martelo12[at]yahoo.fr

Dr. Constantin Tayim Sonkwé (German Literature, DAW / University of Yaoundé I), constysonkwe[at]gmail.com

Dr. Salamatou (Archeology/History, DAW / University of Yaoundé I), salamatou2019[at]gmail.com

Leah Gerfelmeyer (PhD candidate BIGSAS, Media Studies, University of Bayreuth), Leah.Gerfelmeyer[at]uni-bayreuth.de

Nicolai Duken (Student Research Assistant, Media Studies, University of Bayreuth)

We focus on the substances of cocoa/chocolate and cinchona/quinine and situate their modes of existence in architectural remains and local memories of plantations, in botanical un/knowing and colonial administrative practices, in labor conditions, in storage and transport infrastructures, as well as in visual and other media practices.

Our key questions are:

• Under which conditions have the substances been ‚cultivated‘, which transformations have they undergone, which industrial production procedures and infrastructures have they passed? And how have they transformed landscapes, social conditions and industrial production?
• How have media accompanied these processes, which relationalities between material and medial procedures can be observed?
• How are both materials linked to taste and concepts of aesthetics? In what ways do they enact an unmarked whitening of the senses, shaping both academic and embodied everyday life?
• Which practices of resistance and disturbances in colonial/medial/industrial relations around cocoa/chocolate and cinchona/quinine can we observe?
• How and to what effects are intersectional categorizations of race, gender, class inscribed in these relations?
• How do these relationalities inform (or haunt) our current knowledges?

The project’s methods are situated at the crossroads of cultural history, discourse and media theory, science & technology studies, infrastructure studies, archaeology, postcolonial studies, feminist, gender & queer studies. We understand the substances cocoa/chocolate and cinchona/quinine as ‚material-semiotic actors‘ (Haraway) and locate them in a web of relationalities to practices of European colonialism, capitalist-industrial forms of value creation and infrastructures, intersectional power relations of race, class, gender, and academic and corporeal knowledges around aesthetics.

The research is organized around four sub-projects that focus on different dimensions and are in close dialogue to each other:

• One sub-project undertakes an archaeological and historical study of environmental, spatial, socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical dynamics by analyzing the transformation and restructuring of Cameroonian rural landscape and the way of life in the wake of German colonial plantation economy of cocoa and cinchona.
• One sub-project undertakes a colonial and industrial material history of cinchona/quinine focusing on botanic cultivation in German colonies, on infrastructures of transport between Cameroon and Germany, on industrial production in Germany, on quinine’s use in malaria control and the remnants in popular culture (Gin&Tonic).
• One sub-project undertakes a media/cultural study about the colonial relationalities of cocoa/chocolate to urban mass culture, the history of technical media and industrial production in Germany analyzing various visualizations and contemporary new media formats.
• One sub-project follows relationalities of cocoa/chocolate to taste and aesthetics and how these enact power relations of race, class, and gender. These discussions are historically related to the philosophy of Enlightenment which defines people who are capable of aesthetic judgement and refined thinking as having a “sense of taste” – which becomes visible as a ‚whitening of the senses‘ that feeds into European racism.

Following two exemplary colonial materials allows a multidisciplinary study of the relationalities of colonialism, industrialization and mass media through a precise analysis of the situatedness(es) of these substances and the transformations they bring forth. The project aims at a critique of often overlooked epistemic legacies of these knowledges up to the present day.

We put research into colonial history in Germany and Cameroon into dialogue thus enabling a discussion around colonial relationalities for a range of disciplines within African Studies (literature studies, film studies, cultural history, STS) and beyond. Our vision is to contribute to historical and political debates about the colonial legacies of the relationalities of Germany and Cameroon taking into account violence and intersectional power in German colonialism as well as recent approaches of decolonization of knowledges of the Global North.

By implementing the concepts of relationality, multiplicity, and reflexivity of the Cluster into our epistemology of following the substances of cocoa/chocolate and cinchona/quinine we will trace and map German colonial history of Africa and its long-lasting legacies.
We examine the mutual and intertwined comings-into-existence not only of these ‚colonial commodities‘, but also of Germany and Cameroon. We ask how these relations have been made and which knowledge and intersectional power effects have been comprised. Both substances perform/exist as multiple objects where we expect to observe multiple modalities of relations of coloniality, industrialism and media technologies. Our aim is to open up for decentering of methodologies of African Studies and to move towards self-reflexivity and multiple epistemologies. By questioning the epistemic legacies of the knowledge practices around two exemplary colonial commodities, we will reflect critically about modes of knowing from the Global North, thereby opening space for non/decolonial thinking and a reconfiguration of African Studies.

Ulrike Bergermann. Kakaogeschmack: Koloniale Ästhetik und kollektive Taste Tanks, August Verlag, 2024.

Events

• 03.11.2023 – From Building Archaeology to Conservation Management of German Colonial Architectural Heritage in Cameroon. Presentation by Martin Elouga and Salamatou at the International Conference Monuments and Sites de-colonial! Methods and Strategies of Dealing with the Architectural Heritage of the German Colonial Era (ICOMOS Germany and Technical University of Munich).
• 14.10.2023 – Entangled Spaces: Colonial Circulations of Cocoa/Chocolate – the example of Cameroon and Germany. Panel at the International Conference of the Africa Multiple Cluster of Excellence: Reconfiguring African Studies through Spatialities (University of Bayreuth). With Martin Elouga, Salamatou, Constantin Sonkwé, Leah Gerfelmeyer. Chaired by Christine Hanke.
• 30.09.2022 – Colonial labor and European Addictions. Panel at the GfM 2022 – Annual Conference of the Association of Media Studies (Halle/Saale). Ulrike Bergermann: Collective „Techniques of Taste. Colonial Aesthetics and Taste Tanks“. Leah Gerfelmeyer: „Steam chocolate, affects and advertising media“. Christine Hanke: „Pharmakon – The bitter taste of colonization“. Salamatou: „Farming of cocoa and cinchona in Southern Cameroon under German rule. Archaeological and historical studies of environmental, spatial, socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical dynamics“. Chaired by Jiré Emine Gözen.
• 21.09.2023  – A Question of Taste. Colonial Aesthetics, Political Affects, and Taste Tanks. Public lecture by Ulrike Bergermann and conversation with Kat Köppert,  Deutsches Haus at NYU, New York.